Idiomatic Phrases Quiz for Advanced Learners

World War II Essay - 1495 Words

Starting with the hedgerows of the Normandy Beaches to the Bulge to the Surrender of Germany on June 7, 1944 to May 7, 1945 Ambrose tells an authentic story of World War II from the point of view of the men who battled in the war. The author explains the narrative of the â€Å"GIs, junior officers and enlisted men â€Å" (Ambrose 14), proved Hitler wrong by driving his Wehrmacht back from the beached of Normandy back to Germany. One of the greatest lessons that the reader can learn from reading the book, Citizen Soldiers is that the success of war is heavily relied upon by the junior officers and non-commissioned officers on the front lines. As the title suggests, Citizen Soldiers is not so much a study on tactical moves as it is on the citizen†¦show more content†¦Whereas normally in favor of Allied military management, Ambrose faults Eisenhower and Bradley of being too conservative and deems that adopting Pattons bolder knockout approach could have decreased the accrual of deaths to U.S. soldiers at the cost of victory. He informs of inadequately trained 18-year-olds as replacements on the front lines, where they underwent much higher casualty rates than the foxhole-wise GI veterans. The troops fought under the worst possible conditions at Ardennes, during the worst winter in 40 years; Ambrose portrays the long, freezing snowy nights; the wounds, frostbite, and trench foot; and the fatigue and the tensions of facing sudden death or maiming (Ambrose 157). The troops came together to drive the enemy back to the Rhine and into Germany, but took some 80,000 casualties. With amazing clarity, as though he had been on the battlefields, Ambrose presents a moving depiction of the horror and courage experienced by men at war. By painting such a clear picture, Ambrose also manages to insight the reader on some of the internal quandaries that beleaguered the Allies. One of the controversies, judgments of historians and critiques of the war was when Eisenhower took command of all Allied ground forces in France on September 1, 1944 and his two internal problems, Patton and Montgomery. Both men hated one another and both wanted to be the first to arrive at Berlin.Show MoreRelatedThe War Of The World War II1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent levels of the educational system most everyone has talked about the Second World War in great detail. The European and Pacific Theaters were the main focus of many historians and their writing, because war pertained to the audience of the time. WWII revolved around the idea of freedom and liberating the fascist governments of Europe, the homefront back in the states was the war machine that kept the war churning. Millions of pages have been written about the experiences and battles duringRead MoreThe War Of World War II1638 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was the most widespread war in history and it directl y involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. This war lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war pinned the Axis nations which were Germany, Italy, Japan versus the Allied nations which were led by Britain and its Commonwealth nation, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States. The Allies were victorious in the War. It was one of the most significant periods of time in the 20th century. The war resultedRead MoreThe War Of The World War II864 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat global conflict, the Second World War was the most extensive and lethal war in history, which involved more than 30 countries. It marked more than 50 million military and civilian deaths. Though dumbfounded by the events of December 7, Americans were also determined. President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war against Japan On December 8. The declaration passed with just one rebel vote. After three days, Germany and Italy, connected with Japan, declared war on the United States. A merica wasRead MoreThe War Of The World War II1387 Words   |  6 Pagesevents that could bring so many people together while simultaneously tearing them apart-- World War II is one of those events. While the beginning is not set in stone, many will argue that the war all started with the unwarranted German attack on Poland in September of 1939. As tensions rose between countries, conflict began to swell. Over 20 countries were involved, and alliances were established. The war was fought between two major alliances; the Allied powers and the Axis powers. The Allied powersRead MoreThe War Of The World War II846 Words   |  4 Pageseffected the world is World War II. It is an event that will never be forgotten because of how many different countries were involved and how it affected the Jews as well. During the war, the United States started to put up posters to get people to join the army and there were other countries that convinced the people to invest money into the war. Withou t the propaganda and the use of artwork on posters and flyers that they used to influence people in the U.S. they may have never won the war. One of theRead MoreThe World Of World War II1371 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II has been considered one of the worst things to ever occur in history. Violence, death and aggression took place in the 1930s and 1940s in certain European nations. German leader, Hitler played an important, yet a very big role during this time. With the rise and domination of fascism in Germany and Italy, the goal was to maintain peace, established by the Treaty of Versailles ended up in major disaster. World War II began with the poor economic conditions in Europe after World War IRead MoreThe World Of World War II1496 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It led to millions of deaths, and devastation across the world. Nazi Germany took control of many European countries, and Japan declared war on the United States. American soldiers were deployed and took action to protect the nation. The United States was in a constant limbo between being safe, and havin g war on its doorstep. Life for citizens, in the United States and other countries, was affected tremendously by the war, and has shapedRead MoreWorld War II1478 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the beginning Of World War II in 1939 until the end in 1945, the battles between the Allied and Axis powers were violent and caused great destruction. It became a world dispute after the attack on Pearl Harbor. From then on, countries such as the United States, France, Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, and many others fought vigorously until a victory was achieved. World War II officially began after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States declared war. The war was made up of a seriesRead MoreThe War Of World War II Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesSince its end, World War II has been talked about extensively by historians. The lead up to the war, the war itself, and the events after the war have contributed to why the war has been so popular among historians. The unique way the war was f ought and the way the war altered the course of history has intrigued historians. Up until World War II, civilians had generally been off limits in war. While you could cause as much carnage as you wished on the battlefield against soldiers, killing civiliansRead MoreThe War Of World War II1640 Words   |  7 Pages After becoming Reich Chancellor in 1933, Hitler swiftly consolidated power, anointing himself Fà ¼hrer (supreme leader) in 1934. Obsessed with the idea of the superiority of the â€Å"pure† German race, which he called â€Å"Aryan,† Hitler believed that war was the only way to gain the necessary â€Å"Lebensraum,† or living space, for that race to expand. In the mid-1930s, he began the rearmament of Germany, secretly and in violation of the Versailles Treaty. After signing alliances with Italy and Japan against

Procter and Gamble Free Essays

Environmental Factors that affect Global and Domestic Marketing Decisions:- Every company global or domestic has external factors that exist that eventually have an effect on the company’s operations. Some of these external factors can be controlled but a larger portion is uncontrollable and yet they can be managed and or influenced by the company. These specific factors make up the marketing environment in which a company has environmental factors that influence the company’s decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Procter and Gamble or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper, the author will explore the domestic and global environmental factors that could have an impact on FedEx’s marketing decision. The five environmental factors that the author will be discussing are social, economical, technological, competitive, and regulatory. Political Influence and Litigation from Responsible Shopper: â€Å"Procter Gamble donated more than $80,000 to the Coalition Again$t the Costly Labeling Law, a group of companies that worked against Oregon’s Measure 27, which would have required the labeling of GMO products sold in that state. The Coalition was successful in defeating the measure. † from Greenpeace: â€Å"Procter Gamble was among the corporations criticized by Greenpeace for working to weaken European laws governing harmful chemicals in household products. The EU’s 2003 draft legislation would have imposed strict safety standards, requiring companies such as P to disclose and reduce the use of harmful ingredients in its consumer products. Greenpeace states that as a result of industry intimidation and intense lobbying, safety regulations were significantly watered down, putting citizens at greater risk of exposure to toxic chemicals from everyday products. † Guided by our Purpose, Values and Principles, PG participates in the political process to help shape public policy and legislation that helps us touch more lives, in more parts of the world, more completely. This engagement ensures that the interests of our employees, consumers and shareholders are fairly represented at all levels of government around the world. We are committed to being transparent about our political involvement globally. Technology Technology has created a major impact on the way in which all organizations market their products and services. With the development of the internet, companies are now able to economically market themselves on a global level. Even smaller companies that were once not able to capture international business due to the cost factor can now do just that. The Washington Plaza Hotel is no exception. The hotel industry in DC relies heavily on tourism as a major part of its client base. Many of these tourists who visit the city are of foreign nationality. It is important that the Washington Plaza Hotel targets these people when marketing the company. Not only do they target the tourist but they also target the international business travelers that come to the city on business related trips. The hotel’s website, which gives detailed information about the hotel’s accommodations and services, can be accessed by potential customers all over the world. In addition, the Air freshener – Febreze Deodorant – Old Spice, Secret Baby child – Clearblue Easy, Dreft, Luvs, Pampers, UnderJams Batteries – Duracell Soap – Camay, Ivory, Noxzema, Olay, Safeguard, Zest Cosmetics – CoverGirl, Max Factor Dish washing – Cascade, Dawn, Joy Feminine – Always, Tampax Hair – Aussie, Frederic Fekkai, Head Shoulders, Herbal Essences, Infusium 23, Pantene, Clairol Health – Align, Braun, Fibersure, Metamucil, Pepto-Bismol, Prilosec OTC, PUR water filtration, Vicks Household cleaning – Mr. Clean, Swiffer Laundry – Bounce sheets, Cheer, Downy, Era, Gain, Tide Oral – Crest, Fixodent, Gleem, Glide, Scope Paper – Bounty, Charmin toilet tissue, Puffs Pet food – Eukanuba, Iams Fragrances – Anna Sui, Baldessarini, Hugo Boss, Christina Aguilera, Escada, Giorgio Beverly Hills, Jean Patou, Lacoste, Mexx, Puma, Replay, Rochas, Tom Tailor Shaving – Braun, Gillette, SatinCare, Venus Pringles potato chips[1] [pic][pic][pic] How to cite Procter and Gamble, Essay examples

Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Undergraduates free essay sample

In this study we are interested in assessing the relationship between average amount of caffeine consumed per day and academic performance. We hypothesized that an increase in average caffeine consumed per day would result in increased academic success. A short survey was composed based on average amount of caffeine consumed per day measured in milligrams and academic performance measured by GPA. This survey was administered through Survey Gizmo to Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 class, and a total of 59 participants completed the survey. Overall, there was a slight, negative correlation between amount of caffeine consumed per day on average and academic performance. Increases in caffeine consumed on average were negatively correlated with academic performance. From the results of our findings we are unable to provide strong support for our hypothesis that an increased amount of caffeine consumption will lead to increased academic success. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed. Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Students  Caffeine is the most widely used drug in the world and its usage results in dependency among many users. There are benefits to caffeine as it may have positive effects on learning, but there are also negative effects on physical health. It is well known that many college students ingest caffeine prior to studying, writing papers, and taking exams. Caffeine is known to increase alertness, improve mood, and enhance cognitive performance. Increased alertness and concentration allows for easier retention and understanding of material, and can result in increased academic success. This information leads a person to wonder, is academic performance related to amount of caffeine consumption? A study of caffeine consumption and its association with psychological functioning in college students by Anderson (2009) showed that almost 80% of the subjects studied were regular caffeine consumers, and that most fell into the dependency category after trying to limit caffeine consumption. The majority of college students consume caffeine regularly to assist in academic performance. Another study on caffeine consumption by college undergraduates by Loke (1988) found that students drank more than their daily consumption of caffeinated beverages when preparing for an examination. This suggests that caffeine may have some beneficial effects on learning. One final study based on caffeine consumption as a predictor of sleep quality by Harris (2009) found that sleep quality plays a large role in academic success, and that caffeine intake is a positive predictor of sleep disturbances. It was found that students ingest caffeine to improve academic performance, but this results in poor sleep quality and more ingestion of caffeine to curtail sleepiness. This shows that caffeine as well as sleep quality play a role in learning and academic performance, and that caffeine may not always have positive effects for students hoping to improve academic performance. The research on the effects of caffeine stated above leads a person to wonder if caffeine is really beneficial for college students hoping to increase alertness and enhance cognitive performance. From the research above, it seems that consumption of caffeine before engaging in academic related tasks has beneficial effects for students, such as increased focus. I predict that increased caffeine consumption will have beneficial effects on learning and will result in increased academic success. Method For our study we composed a short survey with questions based on amount of caffeine consumed on average and overall academic performance based on grade point average (GPA). By asking questions on amount of caffeine consumed on average per day and GPA we are able to determine if there is a correlation between amount of caffeine consumed on average and academic performance. A chart was provided which enabled participants to observe the average amounts of caffeine in each of the four categories and calculate their own average amount of caffeine consumed per day. Our survey was then sent to our fellow classmates, which are undergraduate students taking Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 course entitled Research Methods and Design. Participants We estimate that our survey was sent to approximately 200 students, and 59 completed our survey. The participants are estimated to be between the ages of 18 and 22. It is expected that since the survey was administered to a psychology class and that females make up the majority of the major, the majority of the respondents of our survey will then be female. The participants of our survey are mostly comprised of Michigan State University undergraduate psychology majors. Since this is a higher-level class with prerequisites, the majority of are respondents are most likely in their junior and senior years of college. Apparatus/Materials The materials used in this study were a survey that we composed and administered by using Survey Gizmo. The operational definition of caffeine will include energy drinks, coffee, soda, and energy shots such as 5-Hour Energy. We chose nine questions for our survey that we felt were important in determining our results. Procedure After composing our survey on Survey Gizmo, it was sent to approximately 200 students in Dr. Pleskac’s PSY 395 Research Methods and Design class. We operationally defined caffeine as energy drinks, coffee, soda, and energy shots such as 5-Hour Energy. The predictor variable in our study is caffeine and the criterion variable is grade point average. The psychological construct we are using is GPA, which will measure motivation towards school related tasks. These measures will be reliable and valid because our survey is a self-report which includes the same questions for each participant completing the survey, and the results will indicate whether or not caffeine consumption is related to academic success. We ensured that we didn’t collect data from participants multiple times by requesting the last four digits of students APID. We also only asked questions in our survey that were necessary for the analysis of our results. The first section of our survey includes an informed consent. By pressing continue to move on to the next section of the survey, participants were aware that they have given their consent to participate. Participants are then taken to a short, nine question survey based on their average caffeine consumption and current academic performance. This survey should have taken no longer than five minutes to complete. Participants do not receive any compensation for completing the survey. Results The purpose of our analysis was to determine if a relationship exists between caffeine consumption and academic performance. If on average students consume large amounts of caffeine and have a high grade point average, we can conclude that academic performance is related to caffeine consumption. If on average students consume a low amount of caffeine and have a high grade point average or vice versa, we can conclude that there is no correlation between academic performance and caffeine consumption. The results of our analysis can be found in Graph 1, which shows the average amount of caffeine consumed per day and participant’s GPA. Based on our results we found that 59 participants completed our survey. The average GPA was 3. 15 and the average amount of caffeine consumed per day was 218. 92 mg. The standard deviation of GPA was . 789 and the standard deviation of caffeine was 254. 096. A Pearson Correlation was computed to assess the relationship between average caffeine consumed and academic performance. There was a slight, negative correlation between the two variables, r=-. 143, n=59, p=. 281. A graph summarizes the results (Graph 1). Overall, there was a slight, negative correlation between amount of caffeine consumed per day on average and academic performance. Increases in caffeine consumed on average were negatively correlated with academic performance. Discussion From the results of our findings we are unable to provide strong support for our hypothesis that an increased amount of caffeine consumption will lead to increased academic success. A correlation of -. 143 is neither positive nor strong which doesn’t allow support of our original hypothesis. Previous studies such as Anderson (2009) and Loke (1988) showed a correlation between increased caffeine consumption prior to studying, examinations, or writing papers, but none of the studies addressed if this actually improved academic performance. While there may be some beneficial effects of caffeine consumption, such as increased alertness and concentration, we can not conclude that caffeine consumption and academic performance are strongly correlated. One difficult aspect of our study is that amount of caffeine consumed on average per day might vary significantly among students, and they may have a difficulty reporting how much caffeine they consume on our survey. Other limitations are that students may consume caffeine from a source that is not listed on our survey, they may have difficulty converting their amount of caffeine consumed on average into milligrams using the table we provided, or a source of caffeine they ingest may have significantly higher or lower amounts of caffeine than the averages of the table we provided. For future studies it may be beneficial to have students maintain a record of caffeine consumption on average per day, which will allow precise measures of caffeine intake as opposed to a rough estimate. It also may be beneficial to have students report what kind of work load they have, such as homework, exams, or papers, to determine if the amount of work a student has impacts their average amount of caffeine consumed. One final suggestion would be to eliminate participants who have caffeine allergies or sensitivities, as they can skew results. The results of our study are important because they allow for the determination of the relationship between caffeine consumption and academic performance. Caffeine is the most widely used drug, so it is beneficial to analyze whether it has positive or negative impacts on academic performance. These findings also provide changes and directions for future research.

SUMMARY Essays (2819 words) - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Platonism

SUMMARY Brand Blanshard, a respected philosophy professor, published an essay entitled, The Uses of a Liberal Education, which accounts for a few arguments against a liberal education, but stresses the overwhelming advantages to the same education. According to Blanshard, liberal studies are "the sort of studies that are pursued for their own sake rather than for their utility." (p. 121). The first step Blanshard takes in analyzing the usefulness of a liberal education is to highlight the opposing arguments. First, he examines the price one pays for an education in such subjects as philosophy, mathematics, or history. That price is that of freedom. He enforces this with the idea that 18-year-olds are at the time in their lives where they are entranced by freedom. In studying these tedious subjects, they lose that freedom. His second point is that of the usefulness. He gives multiple examples of men who have changed the face of the earth without education, such as Thomas Edison and Henry Ford. For if it is our purpose to be educated to better our lives materialistically, a liberal education serves no purpose. Thirdly, he highlights languages, explaining that when will any of us need French or Spanish to understand something. Can we not find information in English anywhere? The only worthy case of studying languages is if one intends to live in a foreign country. For the rest of the essay, Blanshard enforces the positives of a liberal education. First, he explores the meaning of usefulness, and comes to the conclusion that usefulness involves "comfort and quiet and richness of the mind, which is simply good." (p. 125). Blanshard, then, highlights three reasons why a liberal education is useful. First, it satisfies our human desire to know. Second, it is useful indirectly through our use of different perspectives. And finally, it "may permeate with its influence all our thought and feeling and action." (p. 124). He concludes this essay by reminding us that "the Greek spirit still remains" (p. 134) and it remains through a liberal education. PLATO "The philosopher doesn't desire one part of wisdom rather than another, but desires the whole thing." (Plato, p. 150). In other words, a liberal education, which enhances the mind's capacity by making available knowledge of various fields of study, is the route the most educated must take. This is the road of the Philosopher King in Plato's world. Plato's world was one where all human's strive for the ultimate from, Good. In this ultimate form one finds various ideas. For example, through the Good, one obtains knowledge of the Truth, Justice, Beauty, Humanness, and gives one the mind/soul, which is an object of knowledge. The first idea Blanshard brings forth in his essay is that "the liberal studies are the sort of studies that are pursued for their own sake rather than for their utility." (p. 121). This, beyond almost anything, coincides with Plato's thoughts. In Book I of the Republic, Socrates, Plato's teacher, discusses the idea of justice with his friends Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus. The most applicable to this particular situation is his conversation with Thrasymachus, where he concludes that justice is never the advantage of the stronger. Plato feels that a leader works for the sake of his servants. He pursues perfection for the sake of something other than self-gratification. If someone pursues a liberal education for its own sake, they are not pursuing it for more money, or to dominate anyone in any way. Therefore, they will not use their power of knowledge in order to harm anyone. They will more or less be benevolent in their use of that knowledge, and use it for the greater goo d. Plato also highlights six subjects of study, which are reserved for the most educated, and so used in the development of tomorrow's leaders, the Philosopher Kings. These subjects are arithmetics, geometry (2-D), solid geometry (3-D), astronomy, harmonics, and the most important of which is dialectics. In studying these particular subjects, Plato is able to develop a leader who is knowledgeable about all things. In Plato's world, these subjects create an atmosphere very similar to that which Blanshard envisions. Blanshard says, "They [men] philosophize because they want to understand the world they live in. I believe that,

7 Ways to Keep Your New Year’s Health Resolutions

7 Ways to Keep Your New Year’s Health Resolutions It’s a new year, and you’re raring to go on your shiny new (or renewed) resolutions. Deciding to get/stay/live healthy is an excellent goal. But if you want this to stick, it can’t just be a lifestyle change in your spare time. On average, we spend 40-50 hours at work per week- a huge chunk of time that can make or break your commitment to healthier living. 1. Jump around.Okay, maybe don’t actually do jumping jacks at your desk- unless you’re really sure your coworkers won’t mind- but there are ways to be active while you’re working. Studies show that people with desk jobs are at a higher risk for health issues like diabetes and heart disease. Being sedentary is the biggest enemy to your weight loss and fitness goals. Every hour, make sure you get up and take a brief walk, run small errands around the office, etc. The important thing is to get moving. It can be a challenge to get away from your desk some days, but it’s worth it. 2. Don’t skip lunch.No matter how busy a day is, try to set aside time to sit and eat lunch, instead of wolfing something down on the go. Being conscious about what (and how much) you’re eating can help you stay on track with any food-related goals.3. Brown bag it.Packing your lunch not only gives you more control over what you’re eating, but also saves money. The takeout struggle is real for me: I happen to work in a big city with a ton of fast food places and trucks camped out within a few blocks. This can be awesome for convenience, but it makes the takeout trap too easy. My solution is a rewards-based system: some of the money I save each week by making my own salads or bringing in leftovers goes into a personal slush fund, which I then use on movies or a small splurges. It seems a minor incentive, but it motivates me to take the 10 minutes each night to pack lunch for the next day.4. Take a hike.Literally! If you have some time left in your lunch break afte r eating, go outside and take a quick walk. In addition to the benefits of moving around (see #1), it can be a useful head-clearing exercise while you get a break from your inbox.5. Find some zen at your desk.Yoga Journal has some excellent tips for getting your yoga on at work. You don’t need any special yoga expertise to do these stretches. And while they’re not a high-impact cardio workout, yoga moves can help your body stay limber after that half-hour you spent hunched over your keyboard, replying to emails.Yoga is also great for stress relief as well. Stress can seriously undermine any fitness regime you’re trying to start or maintain, so getting a handle on it is a key part of building any healthy routine.6. Work in your workout.Think about your daily and weekly routines. Is there anywhere you can fit in some extra workout time? If, like me, you’re not a morning person and just can’t comprehend getting up at 5 a.m. to hit the gym. Maybe there ’s a spin class you can take immediately after work or you can spare an hour to go to the gym on your way home.If evenings are a no-go because you go straight from work to family or other obligations, you could stake out a few mornings per week where you can go to the gym before work. Building workout appointments into your existing schedule is the best way to stick to your new resolution. Otherwise, it gets too easy to put things off.7. Stand and deliver.Check with your company- are standing desks an option? As an alternative to sitting all day, standing while you work promotes blood flow and muscle tone. If you’re able to stay on your feet for extended periods of time, this might be an easy substitution to make for your regular chair.Implementing a new health and fitness routine can be daunting. It always sounds so great in theory, but then busy lives (and so many tasty temptations!) get in the way. It doesn’t have to be that way- and by making small, consiste nt changes to your work day, you’re that much closer to succeeding. This is the year we make it stick!This article is part of Bulk Up Your Career in 2017Â  campaign. Access the entire guide here to help you succeed in 2017.

The Exploration on Intelligence Operations Essay

The Exploration on Intelligence Operations - Essay Example Ideally, ILP addresses security threats and establish mechanisms within a community that help in identifying the initiation and growth of crime. The inclusion of improved intelligence operations, community policing and problem-solving in ILP derives fundamental benefits in defining federal security (Bureau of Justice Assistance 2). In a world where criminal tactics are evolving (Boba-Santos 52-57), the American intelligence community had to develop and adopt improved intelligence operations and effective mechanisms of managing intelligence analysis (Clark 8-11). Clearly, Clark demonstrates that the concept of intelligence led policing defines a finer and more effective intelligence intelligence-led guarantees increased security and reduced crime (102-105). With ILP, law enforcement officers have gained the capacity to make effective and timely security decisions that help in curbing national and global crime (Bureau of Justice Assistance 4). Indeed, ILP reduces crime rate since the i mproved intelligence operations help in identifying crime and criminals (Bureau of Justice Assistance 9). This emanates from the fact that ILP concentrates on key criminal activities where is enhances the investigation, apprehension, and prosecution of criminals. ILP supports community policing that helps in targeting criminals, managing crime, investigating crime, and preventing crime in the community (Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services 2). Moreover, the combination of community policing and ILP develops new ideas and changes that foster crime reduction in the long term.  

Social media and it's affects on teens Research Paper

Social media and it's affects on teens - Research Paper Example The study seeks to register myriad problems spawned by excessive social media use like body image complex, poor performance in schools, limited interaction with family etc. in hopes to solve them. These problems will be solved by analyzing how limited exposure to social media benefits teenagers in context of psychological and emotional development and academic performance. Local teenagers will be included in the study as research participants. In addition to that, past and contemporary research studies on the subject of relationship between social media and teenagers will also be scrutinized to find out what they have to say regarding the scope of this problem. The research study aims to accentuate the reality of this growing problem that social media use urges teenagers to fit themselves into an ever narrowing ideal of physical beauty. Our society is quite merciless when it comes to the subject of physical appearance and growing social media use has only served to aggravate this problem for teenagers. It is no hidden reality that this impossible kind of social ideal is impressed upon our teenage population by social media. People have developed a habit of posting self-promoting selfies on their social media webpages to show others how well they are doing physically (Briggs, 2014). This kind of trend generated by social media affects teenagers the most because they have highly impressionable minds. By going online, these teenagers find â€Å"an endless supply of people to whom they can compare themselves† (Steiner-Adair, cited in Johnson, 2014). This is why social media has a potential to cast a shattering effect on teenagersâ€℠¢ body image. Resulting emotional turmoil can be enough to distract them from their studies and other social obligations. Research also confirms that the US social media environment is sexually charged. Females suffer even more than males in this regard as social media works to objectify girls’ appearance (Steyer, 2012,

Paul Smith Logo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paul Smith Logo - Essay Example The design would consider the size shape and orientation of every element constituting the logo. The color would emphasize on the variations and the meanings when interpreted. The analysis would also focus on the message communicated by the trademark, the context on which they apply and use (Meroni & Sangiorgi 2011). Design The layout of the logo displays a number of variant characters, each acting to form a coherent structure of the emblem. The orientation of every element of the logo displays a convergence of meaning and its intent to the appreciator. The name â€Å"Paul Smith† is indicated at the central position of the logo and occupies a better area of the logo indicating that the writing is one of the main reasons for the logo. For instance, the average range of the area occupied by the writing is 40 – 75%. The proportion of the writing depends on the item onto which the logo is embedded. The writing is the main feature that whoever sees the logo would acknowledge (Middleton C & Herriott 2007). The writing and the background of the logo is modified to attain a rectangular shape. The length of the rectangular shape containing the logo is about twice the breadth. According to Harvey 2005, the disparity in proportionality is critical to show the main intent of the sign. The logo graphics are variant and have either posed the logo in two dimensions or three. The woven logo tends to have depressions forming the three dimensional aspect whilst the printed or painted signatures express two dimensionality. The front styles and sizes are different but maintain conspicuous nature and visibility to attract attention of the eyes. Placement on websites and advertising has been easing by the logo since the logo tends to communicate all the information about the company. The logo has a rich visual text relationship because the logo design has ensured that the name is extremely visible. The logo has ensured maximum visibility through the difference between the color used in writing and the background. Concerning the expression of the logo, the emblem symbolizes the general nature according to its structure. Firstly, the name on the logo is hand written in spite of any graphics used in improving it. The writing indicates simplicity and normalcy of the company products. The logo tends to display the sense that even the best things of the world originate from the simplest items. Color The logo exposes an extreme complexity in color since it appears in a multicolor system. The logo was designed to express a total of twenty eight colors. Nonetheless, the colors have then been trimmed to fourteen in number. Basically, the logo depends on the occurrence of two contrasting colors. The numerous colors are also critical on the logo because the design intends to address many persons in the world and who also have variant preferences. Thus, an individual must get the preferred color (Harvey 2005). The variation of the colors composing the emblem ranges from slight difference to the most conspicuous differences. The difference in colors appears in a system exposing the particular color and the partial concentrated color of a similar nature either besides it or at a different point of the logo. The logo symbolizes the basic components of a fashion emphasizing that a fashion depends on the difference between two materials provided that the arrangement of the items is logical. The logo takes different

Mental State Examination (MSE) | Case Study

Mental State Examination (MSE) | Case Study Ellie Fitz-Gerald Giving examples from the case study, how would you describe Amanda’s behaviour and appearance as set out in a MSE? A mental state examination (MSE) is used to assess an individuals mental capacity and reasoning at the time of an interview. It couples a number of cognitive domains in an attempt to characterise a person’s mental state (PCDCBP, 2011). The first domain of a MSE is a visual assessment of the patient, non-judgementally describing an accurate appearance of the patient including as many details as possible. These aspects include but are not limited to age, gender, build, posture, grooming, hygiene, heath levels, signs of drug use, hair style and colour and ethnicity. Behaviour is another non-judgemental assessment of the patient’s behaviour in general, but also a description of eye movement and eye contact, body movement and any gestures that are made. This is often coupled with an interpretation of the patient’s reaction to their current situation; examples may include descriptions such as being cooperative, hostile, withdrawn or suspicious (PCDCBP, 2011). Appearance: Amanda is a young woman with dyed blue and pink hair, which is mattered and unkempt. She has a number of piercings in her nose, eyebrow and lip. Her arms are covered in sores and her pupils are dilated. On paramedic arrival, they described that Amanda was â€Å"sitting upright appearing dazed and anxious†. In the cubicle on arrival to ED, she appeared very tense. Later in the cubicle, Amanda is smiling and then quickly appears terrified. Amanda’s mother has reported that â€Å"she [Amanda] comes home dishevelled and dirty. She has lost a lot of weight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Behaviour: Amanda’s behaviour over the course of the case study could be described as erratic, often shifting between states of anxiety, happiness and terror. On arrival of the paramedics, Amanda was described as â€Å"anxious and short of breath†. In the cubicle at the ED, Amanda was pacing up and down the corridor and wringing her hands occasionally, responding quickly to any stimulus by staring intensely at the ceiling or at staff members. A description of her eye sight involved her manner and gaze alternating â€Å"between being intrigued to afraid to hostile†, coupled with difficulty remaining still. Amanda was hesitant to be touched, and noted to be constantly picking at sores. Later, Amanda was later happy and quickly turned to terror and despair. Amanda is described by her mother in these examples; â€Å"Amanda hasn’t been herself since dropping out of university†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"She has lost contact gradually with nearly all of her friend an d become increasingly isolated†, â€Å"Over the last three months her behaviour has become increasingly odd and erratic†, â€Å"goes out, sometimes for days at a time†, â€Å"talking loudly to herself in her room†¦over the past week she has been shouting†¦but there was no one in her room with her.†, â€Å"Last night she burst out of her bedroom and screaming incomprehensibly at her father then stopped suddenly and went back into her room.† Define cognition and then briefly discuss how we might interpret how both Amanda’s thought content and thought form are disturbed? According to Miller and Wallis (2009), cognitive or executive control, or cognition, refers to the ability to coordinate thought and action and direct it toward obtaining goals. Cognition is important in planning and sequencing complex events of behaviour, as well as prioritizing goals (Miller and Wallis, 2009). Thought content and processing is a somewhat subjective insight into cognitive capacity. For example, thought process can be a description of a patients thinking and a characterisation of how a patient’s ideas are communicated. The speed of thought is how quickly a patient changes ideas, known as ‘flight of ideas’ (Snyderman and Rovner, 2009). An example exhibited by Amanda is in the ED cubicle where she had asked the clinician â€Å"You wont tell her anything will you?†, quickly progressing through a series of thoughts from â€Å"you know don’t you?† to â€Å"They’re everywhere† to â€Å"The whole planet is falling† and then â€Å"Shut up shut up†. Additionally, thought form is another domain which could be described as goal-directed or conversely, disorganised. These terms carry descriptors, describing whether a patients thoughts are logical, tangential (quickly diverging, as shown through Amanda’s haphazard thought progression), circumstantial (unsupported thinking) or loosely associated (Snyderman and Rovner, 2009). Amanda displays a number of disorganized thought categories, stating â€Å"Everyone of us is falling – the whole planet is falling† is a description of both unsupported thinking, and potentially an illusion Amanda is experiencing. Another interpretation of disordered thought is that of intrusive thoughts or obsessive ideas. As severity of mental health illness increases, patients may exhibit delusional thinking (a false belief not held by peers that persists despite evidence to the contrary), hallucinations (false perception of sensory stimuli) or illusions (a misperception of real life) (Mar tin, 1990). Amanda illustrates both hallucinations and illusions. Amanda seems to demonstrate hallucinations through multiple spoken phrases: â€Å"They’re everywhere. Everywhere†¦under my skin†, â€Å"Shut up, shut up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"Can’t you hear what they’re saying?! All the children have been hurt†. Taken together, Amanda’s thought content and process appears compromised. Briefly explain the differences between hearing and listening. Choose two skills of listening and discuss how you would use these skills to effectively communicate with Amanda. What are some of the barriers you might face in the process? Hearing is the process of physiological receiving and processing sounds, without being fully attentive or actively concentrating on what is being said. This is passive listening. In contrast, listening is an active process, paying attention to what is being said, constructing meaning from, and in addition, often responding appropriately to what has been said using astute observation (Purdy and Borisoff, 1997). Listening is necessary for the health professional as it involves more than simply sending and receiving words, and can validate the patient’s emotions and promote an understanding between patient and health professional. Hearing on the other hand does not continue or encourage interaction. Listening can be enhanced by actively applying numerous measures. Two of these are providing non-verbal cues and picking up on the non-verbal cues of the patient. Providing non-verbal cues to Amanda would encourage a non-judgemental and mutual understanding environment, often involvin g the implementation of an acronym SOLER (Sit squarely, Open posture, Lean forward, Eye-contact, Relaxed) (Egan 2002). In addition to this, nodding the head and quiet murmurs as encouragement also aids active listening, this may assist in making Amanda feel better understood, and potentially play a role in reducing her defensiveness to a medical situation. Secondly, picking up on non-verbal cues from the patient is critical in making them feel understood. A health professional should endeavour to pay careful attention to what the patient is expressing and how they are displaying these emotions. This may manifest through facial expression, body posture, movements or excessive/poor eye contact and illustrate a patient’s emotion or frame of mind (Egan, 2002). In Amanda’s situation, recognizing that she is in distress by verbally acknowledging it may led to some kind of mutual understanding and rapport building between Amanda and the health professional. Some barriers to t his include Amanda’s current inability to adequately perceive her environment correctly. Amanda does not seem as aware of her surroundings and stares often at the ceiling. She may be inattentive to the non-verbal postural cues by the health professional aimed to place her at ease. Her responses may be skewed and irrational, and the potential hallucinations that she may be experiencing are external to any verbal communication that can resolve her distress. Define therapeutic communication. Using case study examples, explain the difficulties involved in communication when managing a complex scene that includes an anxious patient who presents in the emergency department with a distressed and demanding relative. Therapeutic communication occurs between a health professional and a patient, which considers a patients experienced emotion and explores the meaning and potentially faulty cognition in an attempt to resolve them. It is often formal, purposeful and structured, with a long term goal to produce a desired change (Plutchik, 2000). Managing patient anxiety in a scenario with a demanding relative has its challenges. When paramedics have arrived to the scene of Amanda, her mother is quite distressed, yet Amanda is highly anxious, â€Å"The mother is constantly obstructing and getting in their way causing interruptions†. The assertiveness of Amanda’s mum may obfuscate the ability of the paramedics to create a therapeutic relationship with Amanda in order to de-escalate the situation. Furthermore, this may worsen the anxiety experienced by Amanda. Moreover, attention may be given to the mother in order to place her at ease. One manner to reduce this difficulty is to try to separ ate the parties. In the ED, this dynamic may result in similar difficulties, and the presence of a demanding relative in this context could potentially result in Amanda having difficulty communicating additional information due to her anxiety. Although in the case study Amanda’s mum is not particularly difficult, in the scenario where a distressed and demanding relative was present in the ED and hindering patient treatment the best course of action would be to kindly ask them to take a seat in the waiting area. If the distressed relative is being quite difficult to handle other tactics include asking relative to go and get an item such as a drink for the patient, which would require that they leave the area. If the relative continues to cause disruption to the patient care they must be informed that if they cannot allow the healthcare team to complete their care for the patient they will be removed from the area/hospital. What are the key components of an effective handover between health professionals from different disciplines? Discuss the important considerations of patient handover in regards to objective information and confidentially. A clinical handover is the transfer of professional responsibility, accountability, clinical information and patient to another set of health professionals on a permanent or temporary basis. In order for an effective handover to occur, numerous considerations must take place. First, the handover should have clear leadership. Second, there should be support for the handover process to come from all levels of the medical team. Third, adequate information regarding the patient and the current situation and future direction should be provided if applicable. Fourth, tasks must be prioritised, further care plans put in place and unstable patients are reviewed in a rapid manner (AMA, 2006). A qualitative study on paramedic and emergency department handovers showed that paramedics wish for a consistency in the terminology used, a shared understanding of the team members in each of the roles of health professionals, and a standardized approach to handovers, such as a predetermined format whic h is flexible and recognises professional judgement and experience (Owen et al. 2009). A problem arises when considering the objectiveness of information that is acquired from various sources. In order to address this, health professionals should speak non-judgementally, and take note of what was observed, as opposed to spoken by the patient, or reported by a significant other in terms of incidents. These processes maintain some level of objectiveness. Confidentiality is a necessary and critically important obligation and law-binding role of all health professionals. One manner to protect confidentiality would be to initiate handover in an area whereby members of the public cannot overhear. Reference List AMA (2006) Safe handover: Safe patients: Guidance on clinical handover for clinicians and managers. Australian Medical Association. Kingston, ACT, Australia. Egan, G. (2002) The skilled helper: a problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping. 7th edition. Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole. Miller, EK, and Wallis, JD (2009) Executive Function and Higher-Order Cognition: Definition and Neural Substrates. In: Squire LR (ed.) Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, volume 4, pp. 99-104. Oxford: Academic Press. Martin, DC (1990) Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition., Butterworth Publishers Owen, C, Hemmings, L, Brown, T (2009) Lost in translation: Maximizing handover effectiveness between paramedics and receiving staff in the emergency department, Emergency Medicine Australasia, 21: pp. 102-107. PCDCBP (2011) Understanding the Mental State Examination (MSE): a basic training guide. Palmerston Association Inc. Subiaco, WA. Plutchik, R (2000) Emotions in the practice of psychotherapy: Clinical implications of affect theories. American Psychological Association. Washington, DC, US. pp. 149-168. Purdy, M and Borisoff, D (1997) Listening in everyday life: A personal and professional approach. Second Edition. University Press of America Inc. LLanham, Maryland. Snyderman, D and Rovner, BW (2009) Mental Status Examination In Primary Care: A Review. Am Dam Physician, 15(80): pp. 809-814. 1

I, the Worst of All Essay -- Movie Film Essays

"Women were denied knowledge of their history, and thus each woman had to argue as though no woman before her had ever thought or written. Women had to use their energy to reinvent the wheel, over and over again, generation after generation. ... thinking women of each generation had to waste their time, energy and talent on constructing their argument anew. Generation after generation, in the face of recurrent discontinuities, women thought their way around and out from under patriarchal thought." (Lerner qtd in Merrim Modern Women xxiii) Lerner's words hold true for two women involved in the film I, the Worst of All. Both of them had to "reinvent the wheel" and show their male contemporaries that women can and will find their way out from under the control of patriarchy. Juana Ines de la Cruz and Maria Luisa Bemberg are separated by three centuries of continuous strife for feminists to affirm feminine subjectivity and feminine values. The struggle was/is doubly difficult because of what they have to face. At the time of making the film, Bemberg faced a mainstream cinema in which women were presented as a "function of male ambition" and as objects of possession, display, or currency (Bemberg in Pick 78). I, the Worst of All appeared in the 1990s, a time that we like to think is so different from the convent of 17th-centuryMexico. Bemberg shows us that it is not. Mainstream cinema never looks at women as "beings with ideas," as she says in an interview, but as empty shells, foils for the male characters, so that t hey can act and think (Pick 78). She had to fight a whole tradition of male filmmaking with her movie, and (re)assert her own feminist values in a film that challenges all the stereotypical filmic representation... ...berg Tells the Untold." Americas 46 (Mar/Apr 1994): 20. Bergmann, Emilie. "Abjection and Ambiguity: Lesbian Desire in Bemberg's "Yo, la peor de todas." Hispanisms and Homosexualities. Ed. Sylvia Molloy and Robert McKee Irwin. Durham: Duke UP, 1998. de la Cruz, Juana Ines. "Hombres Necios." A Sor Juana Anthology. Ed.Alan S. Trueblood. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1988. Merrim, Stephanie. Early Modern Writing and Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 1999. Mulvey, Laura. "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." Erens 28-41. Pick, Zuzana M. "An Interview with Maria Luisa Bemberg." Journal of Film and Video 44. 3-4 (Fall-Winter 1992-93): 76. Williams, Bruce. "The Reflection of a Blind Gaze: Maria Luisa Bemberg, Filmmaker." A Woman's Gaze: Latin American Women Artists. Ed. Marjorie Agosin. New York; White Pine Press, 1998. 171-90.

Indo-Pakistan Relations

Since independence, relations between Pakistan and India have been characterized by rivalry and suspicion. Although many issues divide the two countries, the most sensitive one since independence has been the status of Kashmir. Born out from the furnace of animosity, India and Pakistan, the twin brothers have a history of unique relations. There is much in common between Republic of India and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The diplomatic relations developed soon after independence but these relations did not ensure good friendship. Roots of Conflict Here are some of the highs and lows in relations between the two counties 1947 – Britain divides its Indian empire into secular (but mainly Hindu) India and Muslim Pakistan on August 15 and 14 respectively. The partition causes one of the largest human migrations ever seen, and sparks riots and violence across the region. 1947/48 -,The blaming process started soon after the inception of Pakistan when during the world’s biggest mass migration both states were unable to provide security to minorities. At that time there were 680 princely states and their future was to be decided according to their own will. Junagadh and Kashmir are two of these states which are still a bone of contention between India and Pakistan. Junagadh was composed of 88% Hindu Majority with a Muslim ruler named Nawab Mahabat Khan. The ruler voted for Pakistan but India did not accept it on the plea of heavy Hindu majority. One the other hand, the ruler of Kashmir, Hair Singh, wanted to join India but the majority of Muslim population was in the favour of Pakistan. Maharaja Hair Singh made a â€Å"stand still agreement† with the Government of Pakistan. However, the rumors spread in Pakistan that Mahraja Hari Singh was going to accede with India. The forces of Pakistan invaded in Kashmir in 1947 and Hari Singh asked India for help. Indian Armed forces violating the provision of their constitution entered into the jurisdiction of Kashmir. 1954 – The accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India is ratified by the state's constituent assembly. 1957 – The Jammu and Kashmir constituent assembly approves a constitution. India, from the point of the 1954 ratification and 957 constitution, begins to refer to Jammu and Kashmir as an integral part of the Indian union. 1963 – Following the 1962 Sino-Indian war, the foreign ministers of India and Pakistan – Swaran Singh and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto – hold talks under the auspices of the British and Americans regarding the Kashmir dispute. 1964 – Following the failure of the 1963 talks, Pakistan refers the Kashmir case to the UN Security Council. 1965 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Full-scale hostilities erupted in September 1965 when Pakistan attacked India forcing India to attack Lahore in retaliation. India and Pakistan fight their second war. The conflict begins after a clash between border patrols in April in the Rann of Kutch (in the Indian state of Gujarat), but escalates on August 5, when between 26,000 and 33,000 Pakistani soldiers cross the ceasefire line dressed as Kashmiri locals, crossing into Indian-administered Kashmir. but as the war expands, Indian troops cross the international border at Lahore on September 6. The largest engagement of the war takes place in the Sialkot sector, where between 400 and 600 tanks square off in an inconclusive battle. By September 22, both sides agree to a UN mandated ceasefire, ending the war that had by that point reached a stalemate, with both sides holding some of the other's territory. In 1965 India launched operation Meghdoot and captured 80% of Siachen Glacier. 1966 – On January 10, 1966, Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahdaur Shastri and Pakistani President Ayub Khan sign an agreement at Tashkent (now in Uzbekistan), agreeing to withdraw to pre-August lines and that economic and diplomatic relations would be restored. 971 – Pakistan and India go to war a third time, this time over East Pakistan. Bangladesh was created out of East Pakistan. 1971 was a black year in the history of Pakistan as she lost its eastern wing as India intervened to favour Bengali people and seized the Qasim part. 90, 000 Pakistani soliders surrendered in Bangladesh. India and Pakistan go to war a third time, this time over East Pakistan. Hostilities lasted 13 days, making this one of the shortest wars in mo dern history. East Pakistan becomes the independent country of Bangladesh on December 6, 1971 1972 -. Pakistani Prime Minister Zulifiqar Ali Bhutto and Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi sign an agreement in the Indian town of Simla, in which both countries agree to â€Å"put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations and work for the promotion of a friendly and harmonious relationship and the establishment of a durable peace in the subcontinent†. Both sides agree to settle any disputes â€Å"by peaceful means†. The Simla Agreement designates the ceasefire line of December 17, 1971, as being the new â€Å"Line-of-Control (LoC)† between the two countries, which neither side is to seek to alter unilaterally, and which â€Å"shall be respected by both sides without prejudice to the recognised position of either side†. Nuclear Arm Race 1974 – On May 18, India detonates a nuclear device at Pokhran, in an operation codenamed â€Å"Smiling Buddha†. India refers to the device as a â€Å"peaceful nuclear explosive†. 1985- In December 1985, President Zia and Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi pledged not to attack each other's nuclear facilities. 986, the Indian and Pakistani governments began high-level talks to resolve the Siachen Glacier border dispute and to improve trade. 1988 – The change in leadership brought a new era of relation between the two rivals. In Dec 1988 Benazir Bhutto Shaheed and Rajiv Gandhi resumed talks on different issues melding cultured exch ange, civil aviation and not to attack each other nuclear facilities. At that time BB said. â€Å"Burry the Hatchet; we have had enough of it. Let’s start a new chapter. India has a new generation leadership. Rajiv & I belong to a new generation. We have some kinship. He father was assassinated and so was my father. He lost his brother and so have I we both can start from clean state. † The two countries sign an agreement that neither side will attack the other's nuclear installations or facilities. Both sides agree to share information on the latitudes and longitudes of all nuclear installations. This agreementis later ratified, and the two countries share information on January 1 each year since then. 1989 – Armed resistance to Indian rule in the Kashmir valley begins. Muslim political parties, after accusing the state government of rigging the 1987 state legislative elections, form militant wings. Pakistan says that it gives its â€Å"moral and diplomatic† support to the movement, reiterating its call for the earlier UN-sponsored referendum. India says that Pakistan is supporting the insurgency by providing weapons and training to fighters, terming attacks against it in Kashmir â€Å"cross-border terrorism†. Pakistan denies this. Militant groups taking part in the fight in Kashmir continue to emerge through the 1990s, in part fuelled by a large influx of â€Å"mujahideen† who took part in the Afghan war against the Soviets in the 1980s. Indo-Pakistani Cold War Bilateral tensions increased in early 1990, when Kashmiri separatists from Pakistan occupied Kashmir backed by the Pakistan's ISI perpetrated violence in Indian Kashmir. Subsequent high-level bilateral meetings relieved the tensions between Pakistan and India, 1991 – A formal â€Å"no attack† agreement was signed in January 1991. The two countries sign agreements on providing advance notification of military exercises, maneuvers and troop movements, as well as on preventing airspace violations and establishing overflight rules. 992 – A joint declaration prohibiting the use of chemical weapons is signed in New Delhi. 1993- but relations worsened again after terrorist bombings in Bombay, in March 1993. Talks between the Foreign Secretaries of both countries in January 1994 resulted in deadlock. 1996 – Following a series of clashes, military officers from both countries meet at the LoC in order to ease tensions. 1997, high level talks were resumed after 3 years. Prime Minister of India and Pakistan met twice and foreign secretaries conducted 3 rounds of talks in which they identified 8 outstanding issues to focuss. These 8 issues were †¢ Kashmir issue †¢ Water crisis †¢ Sir creek issue †¢ Rann of kutch †¢ MFN status †¢ Siachen issue †¢ State sponsored issue †¢ Nuclear Deterrence 1998 – In September 1997 the talks broke down on structural issue where as in May 1998 the situation became harder because of nuclear experiment conducted by Pakistan. India detonates five nuclear devices at Pokhran. Pakistan responds by detonating six nuclear devices of its own in the Chaghai Hills. The tests result in international sanctions being placed on both countries. In the same year, both countries carry out tests of long-range missiles. Improvement in Relations In the late 1990s, the Indo-Pakistani relationship veered sharply between rapprochement and conflict. After taking office in February 1997, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif moved to resume an official dialogue with India. A number of meetings at the foreign secretary and Prime Ministerial level took place, with positive atmospherics but little concrete progress 1999 in feb,Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee meets with Nawaz Sharif, his Pakistani counterpart, in Lahore. The two sign the Lahore Declaration, the first major agreement between the two countries since the 1972 Simla Accord. Both countries reaffirm their commitment to the Simla Accord, and agree to undertake a number of ‘Confidence Building Measures' (CBMs). Some of the diplomatic gains are eroded, however, after the Kargil conflict breaks out in May. Kargil is the first armed conflict between the two neighbours since they officially conducted nuclear weapons tests. 2001 – Tensions along the Line of Control remain high, with 38 people killed in an attack on the Kashmiri assembly in Srinagar. In July, Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf and Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee meet for a two-day summit in the Indian city of Agra. That summit collapses after two days, with both sides unable to reach agreement on the core issue of Kashmir. On December 13, an armed attack on the Indian parliament in New Delhi leaves 14 people dead. India blames Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Muhammad for the attacks. 2002 – President Musharraf pledges that Pakistan will combat extremism on its own soil, but affirms that the country has a right to Kashmir. 2003 – After Musharraf calls for a ceasefire along he LoC during a UN General Assembly meeting in September, the two countries reach an agreement to cool tensions and cease hostilities across the defacto border. 2004 – Vajpayee and Musharraf hold direct talks at the 12th SAARC summit in Islamabad in January, and the two countries' foreign secretaries meet later in the year. This year marks the beginning of the Compo site Dialogue Process, in which bilateral meetings are held between officials at various levels of government (including foreign ministers, foreign secretaries, military officers, border security officials, anti-narcotics officials and nuclear experts). In November, on the eve of a visit to Jammu and Kashmir, the new Indian prime minister, Manmohan Singh, announces that India will be reducing its deployment of troops there. 2006 – India redeploys 5,000 troops from Jammu and Kashmir, citing an â€Å"improvement† in the situation there, but the two countries are unable to reach an agreement on withdrawing forces from the Siachen glacier. In September, President Musharraf and Prime Minister Singh agree to put into place an Indo-Pak institutional anti-terrorism mechanism. 007 – The Samjhota express carnage of 18th February 2007 added fuel to fire. the train service between India and Pakistan (the Samjhauta Express) is bombed near Panipat, north of New Delhi. Sixty-eight people are killed, and dozens injured. The fifth round of talks regarding the review of nuclear and ballistic missile-related CBMs is held as part of the Composite Dialogue Process. The second round of the Joint Anti-Terrorism Mechanism (JATM) is als o held. 2008 – India joins a framework agreement between Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan on a $7. 6bn gas pipeline project. A series of Kashmir-specific CBMs are also agreed to (including the approval of a triple-entry permit facility). In July, India blames Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) directorate for a bomb attack on the Indian embassy in Kabul, which kills 58 and injures another 141. In September, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Indian Prime Minister Singh formally announce the opening of several trade routes between the two countries. In October, cross-LoC trade commences, though it is limited to 21 items and can take place on only two days a week. On November 26, 2008, a series of ten co-ordinated attacks were committed by terrorist which began across Mumbai which is the Indian financial capital and the largest city. The attack was started on 26 November 2008 and ended on 29 November 2008. In these attacks 173 people were killed including 35 foreigner where as 38 were wounded. India blamed Lashkar-e-Taiba .. Another reason was that Obama Discussed to solve Kashmir issue to bring stability in the South Asian region. This attack was done to divert his attention. In the wake of the attacks, India breaks off talks with Pakistan. 009 – The Pakistani government admits that the Mumbai attacks may have been partly planned on Pakistani soil, while vigorously denying allegations that the plotters were sanctioned or aided by Pakistan's intelligence agencies. In August, India gives Pakistan a new dossier of evidence regarding the Mumbai attacks, asking it to prosecute Hafiz Mohammad Saeed, the head of Jamaat-ud-Dawa, an Islamic cha rity with ties to Lashkar-e-Taiba. 2010 – In January, Pakistani and Indian forces exchange fire across the LoC in Kashmir, the latest in a string of such incidents that have led to rising tension in the area. In February, India and Pakistan's foreign secretaries meet in New Delhi for talks. This meeting is followed by the two countries' foreign ministers meeting in Islamabad in July. In May, Ajmal Kasab is found guilty of murder, conspiracy and of waging war against India in the Mumbai attacks case. He is sentenced to death. 2011 – In January, Indian Home Secretary GK Pillai says India will share information with Pakistan regarding the 2001 Samjhauta Express bombing. The two countries' foreign secretaries meet in Thimpu, Nepal, in February, and agree to resume peace talks â€Å"on all issues†.

The Ghosts in Homers Odyssey

The Ghosts in Homers Odyssey Introduction Homer’s Odyssey is one of the Greek epics. It is also a sequel to Homer’s Iliad. In book 11, Odysseus speaks to numerous ghosts that give him revelations, advice and guidance. Most of these ghosts have an influence on Odysseus’s fate. Throughout the book, Odysseus speaks to numerous ghosts including that of his own mother, Anticleia. These ghosts explain to Odysseus about the past while other give his hope and way forward for his future. Of the numerous ghosts in book 11, my favorite three include Elpenor, Tiresias and Anticleia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Ghosts in Homer’s Odyssey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Ghosts of Elpenor, Tiresias and Anticleia After Odysseus travels to the famous River of Ocean, he performs several sacrifices and pours libations as instructed by Circe. â€Å"The first ghost to appear is Elpenor (Homer 157)†. The ghost instructs Odysseus to ensure he goes back to the island of Circe and perform a proper burial for his body. From this encounter, Odysseus understands something new and important. â€Å"The ghost informs Odysseus that a decent burial was necessary as a sign of respect for those who had died (Homer 162)†. He therefore learns the importance of a burial for someone who is deceased. â€Å"After the conversation, Odysseus would go back to the island and give the body a proper burial as requested by the ghost (Homer 162)†. â€Å"The second ghost to speak to is that of Tiresias, a prominent Theban prophet (Homer 163)†. I find the ghost one of my favorite because of the hope and information he gives Odysseus. â€Å"The ghost reveals to Odysseus that Poseidon was busy punishing and killing the Achaeans (Homer 163)†. According to the ghost, Poseidon was punishing them because they had blinded his own son by the name Polyphemus. â€Å"The other thing about his conversation wit h this ghost is that he learns about his fate and future. The ghost foretells Odysseus’s fate (Homer 164)†. According to the ghost, Odysseus would go back home, succeed in reclaiming his own wife. The ghost assures Odysseus that he would reclaim the palace and make a successful journey to Poseidon. Tiresias’ ghost tells Odysseus not to touch the children of the Sun especially after he makes his journey to Thrinacia. â€Å"If he touches the flock he would face much hardship and even lose his entire crew during the journey (Homer 164)†. The information is vital and gives Odysseus courage and hope as he faces his future. â€Å"The ghost foretells the journey ahead of him and he is warned of the dangers that might fall on his way (Homer 165)†. The ghost of Odysseus’s mother is my third favorite ghost. â€Å"Odysseus speaks with Anticleia who informs him about the affairs and events taking place at Ithaca (Homer 165)†. â€Å"She also narra tes to Odysseus how she died of pain and grief while she was waiting for his son (Homer 166)†. From the encounter with his mother’s ghost, Odysseus learns the love of a mother and the reason to treasure it.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Throughout book eleven, Odysseus speaks to numerous ghosts including that of his own mother. These ghosts explain to him about the past while other give his hope and way forward for his future. My favorite ghosts are those of Tiresias, Anticleia and Elpenor. Having spoken to the ghost of Tiresias, Odysseus is informed of his future and can go ahead with useful information about what to do and what to avoid. This would play a huge role towards his success as a great warrior. Homer. Odyssey. New York: Classic Books, 2009. Print.

Free Essays on Wild Swans

Wild Swans Jung Chang in Wild Swans gives the accounts of three generations of women in China during the 20th century through herself, her mother, and her grandmother. The stories of these women reflect the changes in society and politics that were occurring in China during the time. Chang expressed her history in this novel to reveal the treatment of women, the experience of political duress, and the conditions of adversity that resulted from that repression. Chang begins the book with the life of her grandmother. Her grandmother was born in 1909, at a time when Chinese women were required to be compliant and subservient to men. She was subjected to the painful ritual of foot-binding, which forced women to walk in an â€Å"erotic† manner, emphasizing their defenselessness and need for protection. Her parents sold her as a concubine to a warlord named General Xue Zhi-heng. She did not want to be a concubine, but â€Å"it was unthinkable to oppose one’s parents† (30). She hardly ever saw her warlord master and it became clear to her that he regarded her as nothing more than a plaything. Her life as a concubine was depressing, but due to the social pressures it was impossible for her to do much. When General Xue died, she escaped his wife’s household with her young daughter, Chang’s mother. Later, she eventually married a well-to-do doctor named Dr. Xia. The situation for women had changed somewhat by the time Chang’s mother, Bao Qin, reached maturity in the mid-1940s. For example, she refused to accept her parents’ choice of a mate for her, because she â€Å"had made up her mind to choose her own husband† (81). Also, she was able to leave home without being married, which was something Chang’s grandmother would never have been able to do because of lack a job market for women. By contrast, Chang’s mother was able to get work as a teacher. During that time, Bao Qin became a follower of Mao Zedong, and she m... Free Essays on Wild Swans Free Essays on Wild Swans Wild Swans Jung Chang in Wild Swans gives the accounts of three generations of women in China during the 20th century through herself, her mother, and her grandmother. The stories of these women reflect the changes in society and politics that were occurring in China during the time. Chang expressed her history in this novel to reveal the treatment of women, the experience of political duress, and the conditions of adversity that resulted from that repression. Chang begins the book with the life of her grandmother. Her grandmother was born in 1909, at a time when Chinese women were required to be compliant and subservient to men. She was subjected to the painful ritual of foot-binding, which forced women to walk in an â€Å"erotic† manner, emphasizing their defenselessness and need for protection. Her parents sold her as a concubine to a warlord named General Xue Zhi-heng. She did not want to be a concubine, but â€Å"it was unthinkable to oppose one’s parents† (30). She hardly ever saw her warlord master and it became clear to her that he regarded her as nothing more than a plaything. Her life as a concubine was depressing, but due to the social pressures it was impossible for her to do much. When General Xue died, she escaped his wife’s household with her young daughter, Chang’s mother. Later, she eventually married a well-to-do doctor named Dr. Xia. The situation for women had changed somewhat by the time Chang’s mother, Bao Qin, reached maturity in the mid-1940s. For example, she refused to accept her parents’ choice of a mate for her, because she â€Å"had made up her mind to choose her own husband† (81). Also, she was able to leave home without being married, which was something Chang’s grandmother would never have been able to do because of lack a job market for women. By contrast, Chang’s mother was able to get work as a teacher. During that time, Bao Qin became a follower of Mao Zedong, and she m...

Importance of Ice in Developing Coastal Communities Article

Importance of Ice in Developing Coastal Communities - Article Example For an ice business to be set up, the company should understand first the area whether it is sometimes affected by the disaster and the magnitude of the disaster. If such areas are prone to be affected by disaster, the company should store the product in excess so that when the disaster strikes, they will have enough products to satisfy the extra demand. In a disaster, approximately 10 lb of ice is required per person. Which means if 5, 000n people are affected by a hurricane it means 50,000 lb of ice is required. For product preservation such as pharmaceutical or fish preservatives, 30 lbs of ice per cubic meter is required. This constant demand will keep the demand at a stable rate. To reach the customers, the company should promote the product through advertising the product in through the media such as newspapers, ads, fliers in remote areas, and TV commercials. The company should also offer discounts to products sold at recreation facilities and promoting it at introductory pric e. Ice preserved medicines are pharmaceutical products such as vaccines and temperature sensitive clinical trial medicines that should be stored in places between 20C and 80C ensure their quality is not compromised. Products manufactured from plasma and red blood cell components detached from whole blood for transfusion also require extra care during storage to prevent them from spoiling as a result of high temperature. For quality of medical products to be maintained, all medicine needs to be stored and handled with guidelines from the manufacturer. The World Health Organization advocates for special storage conditions such as the need for ice preservation to ensure correct storage for refrigerated medicines. Manufacturers must be directed by good manufacturing practice in their production, storage and transportation and it is vital that medical facilities within the developing world handle temperature sensitive medicines as required to provide a

3 para Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 para - Essay Example Authors like Stedman and Haller have mentioned in their written essays that students or writers need to be aware of the fact that their audience need facts but marked in a paper with better flow. Haller has mentioned in his essay that most of the students who come to him for guidance regarding sources. As per Haller’s evaluation of different written pieces state that the students always fail to understand the right usage of sources (Haller). They often cite sources which have been re-published or been edited by other authors for their respective theme. Thus, students or writers need to understand the right usage of source. The information from the primary source will always give a clear and concise dimension to the subject of matter. Also, Stedman mentioned in his essay that writers would introduce a number of quotations in the essay without noting the real purpose of the topic sentence. In other words, it could be said that the writers need to explain the quotation in accordance to the subject manner

Marketing information to run business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing information to run business - Essay Example Rufedge also needs marketing research.   â€Å"Market research is the process of systematically gathering, recording and analyzing data and information about customers, competitors and the market. Its uses include to help create a business plan, launch a new product or service, fine tune existing products and services, and expand into new markets† (Wikipedia 2008). Task 2Livlong needs to be advised how an understanding of market segmentation might help him improve his business prospects.   The purpose of this task is to write a report advising Livlong of this concept through discussing the appropriate segmentation criteria and provide an example of how they might be used in the health food market.â€Å"A market segment is a subgroup of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs. Market segmentation is the process in marketing of dividing a market into distinct subsets (segments) that behave in the same way or have similar needs. Because each segment is fairly homogeneous in their needs and attitudes, they are likely to respond similarly to a given marketing strategy. That is, they are likely to have similar feelings and ideas about a marketing mix comprised of a given product or service, sold at a given price, distributed in a certain way and promoted in a certain way† (Wikipedia 2008).Health food stores tend to cater to a vastly different segment than do traditional stores.   For example, look at Whole Foods Market compared to Albertson’s.  ... Market segmentation is the process in marketing of dividing a market into distinct subsets (segments) that behave in the same way or have similar needs. Because each segment is fairly homogeneous in their needs and attitudes, they are likely to respond similarly to a given marketing strategy. That is, they are likely to have similar feelings and ideas about a marketing mix comprised of a given product or service, sold at a given price, distributed in a certain way and promoted in a certain way" (Wikipedia 2008). Health food stores tend to cater to a vastly different segment than do traditional stores. For example, look at Whole Foods Market compared to Albertson's. Albertson's sells popular items of various content, while Whole Foods looks to sell only organic and healthy foods. Therefore, the type of person who would seek out Whole Foods would more likely be health-conscious and could even be a vegetarian or dieter. Task 3 Livlong claims that many of the managers in the company are ignorant of issues concerning consumer behavior. He believes this problem could be solved it managers could become more customer-oriented, which would result in increased sales. The purpose of this task is to consider a potential seminar for the management team entitled 'Understanding consumer behavior-how it can increase our sales' and discuss how it can increase sales, provide details of the issues to be presented, and provide practical examples that could illustrate the talk. "Consumer behavior is the study of how people buy, what they buy, when they buy and why they buy. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, sociopsychology, anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. It

Strategy. The modern world-system Essay Example for Free

Strategy. The modern world-system Essay Strategy Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A strategy is a carefully developed method or plan for the purpose of achieving a particular objective over a period of time. Therefore, in simple terms, a strategy is a plan. Strategies are always made prior to the action for which they are intended. In addition, they are developed in a conscious manner and with a definite purpose in mind. A strategy is meant for implementation in most cases. However, sometimes, a strategy may be intended to be a ploy. A strategy that is intended for implementationrequires proper evaluation with regard to the anticipated benefits. On the other hand, a ploy is a strategy that is only meant to scare the opponent away. Strategy is the only way out in the face of a struggle or a conflict between individuals or groups. The reason of developing a strategy is to make the strategizing group gain an advantage over the opponent and therefore emerge as the winner from the struggle. Knowledge of strategy is thus important. It helps us know how to get out of a struggle victoriously. This essay seeks to highlight the role of strategy in our existence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two forms of strategy. First, there is a strategy that is developed deliberately. Secondly, there is a strategy that emerges on its own from the environment. Let us look at the deliberate strategy first. This is developing a strategy with a clear aim in mind. This is where an individual or a group sits down and deliberates on the core issues that are of concern. Decisions are made carefully and all those involved agree on the common plan of action. The plan is rationally analyzed and its benefits weighed against the background of the intended action. Arrangements are made to enhance realization of the plan. The time frame is set. Necessary resources are put in place on time. All those who will be involved in the implementation of the plan are informed in advance. This kind of a strategy is suitable for instance when a business enterprise is intending to expand its territory and spread in other regions. In this instance, the manag ement is responsible for the when that expansion should happen, how it should happen, and who will be involved. The time to develop such a strategy is usually long enough to measure any risks involved. On the other hand, an emergent strategy is a strategy that did not have prior intentions. It is characterized by a pattern of actions that were not established as a plan but seems to work out as a set out plan. The actions are performed as a normal routine. There are no defined aspects like those in the deliberate strategy development such as setting aside resources for that purpose or when they will be realized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many reasons that may force an organization to develop new strategies. The most important one is competition from the organizations that are doing operations in the same way. An organization, for instance an industrial enterprise, will look into ways to defeat its competitors. Another reason that may prompt a change in plan is increased demand for the products or services provided by the organization. The organization will strive to make sure that it increases its productivity to meet the consumer needs fully. In addition, a need to create more branches of the organization may necessitate developing a strategy that is suitable. This will ensure that the managers of the organization become aware of the possible benefits and losses to anticipate should they embark on such expansion of the organization. Furthermore, an organization will be forced to go back to the drawing board to make new plans in the event of technological changes . This is because failure to plan and implement any necessary changes may impact the operations of the organization negatively. In the case of a business enterprise, the emergence of a new product in the market would certainly trigger development of a new strategy. This would entail how to acquire the new product in its stock and how to market it. Even employees in an organization have to make new plans on how to cope in the organization in case there are changes in the organization that affect them. In a nutshell, the concept of strategy is indispensable as long as the environment of the organization is dynamic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In history, there many instances where developing a strategy was the only option for organizations to cope with the changing environment. A classic example of a struggle is one that happened in 1968 in Detroit as illustrated by Georgakas Surkin (1998). The struggle was between the blacks and the whites. Many blacks had been employed in the auto industries including Chrysler Corporation. As workers, the blacks were exploited extensively. They were assigned the hardest works. In addition, they were overworked so much. They were made to work overtime through into the night and even on Saturdays. Sometimes, they were even made to work on Sundays. These workers did not have a proper channel to air out their complaints. They could not even tell the supervisors. The only thing they did was to write letters to the management and waited to see whether their complaints would be addressed. They rarely were. Many organizations were set up to look into the welfare of the workers. An example is United Automobile Workers (UAW). Unfortunately, the majority of the officials in the organizations were whites. Therefore, they did nothing to alleviate the plight of the blacks. DRUM is an organization that came up with an aim to end racial discrimination against the blacks. The DRUM officials called for meetings that were attended by black workers in huge numbers. A strike was called for by the DRUM officials. Then, DRUM members presented their demands to the UAW officials. Later, they continued with the strike and went to present their demands to the Chrysler Corporation. Their strategy bore fruit because the UAW listened to their demands decided to help them. The success of the organization was that it made workers in the auto industries know their rights and fight for them without fear of intimidation. Revolutionary groups were created even by students in Universities, both the whites and the blacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another illustration of how strategy can help a group of people achieve their goals is how modern colonialism in the management is advanced. Had the colonialist not used tactics to colonize other nations, they would have faced resistance at the outset. Schwartz (2000) gives an account of the strategy that has been used by management to colonize the minds of the employees. The first thing that the colonists did was to establish an indirect rule. They targeted chiefs because they knew that the chiefs were part of the administrativemachinery. However, they realized that the chiefs had no control over the armed forces, taxation, and allocation of land or even appointing of new chiefs. However, they developed a strategy to employ the existing institutions of the country they wanted to colonize. They molded these institutions by means of creating laws and imposing taxes under the guidance of local administrative officers. They did this under the pretext of development. This was nevertheless a way of imposing an indirect rule. In the same way managers influence the minds of the employees in order for them to work harder. They are tricked to think that they are in control by changing words. For example, when employees are told to own the company, it is meant to refer to psychological ownership. Therefore, if the word â€Å"ownership† is used in this short form, it makes employees feel responsible for everything that happens in the company as if they were the real owners of the company. This is a good strategy used by the management. Historically, use of the word â€Å"development management† instead of â€Å"development administrative† enabled colonialists to establish their colonial administration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industrial enterprise also gives us another instance where strategy plays a significant role. Chandler (2003) notes that historically, industrial administrators rarely change their focus in their administrative work unless forced to do so by pressure from both the internal and the external environment. This was especially true with the American businesses which were the main focus of the study by Chandler (2003). The study revealed that most of the industrial enterprises had developed a strategy to decentralize all their operations. This has been achieved through setting up of multi-divisional structures that were independent from each other and from the central firm. Each division was accorded its own necessary personnel, funds, necessary facilities and other resources. Since each division is supposed to operate independently, it is mandated to view its problems as unique and its solutions should be genuine. They should not imitate each o ther. The executives in charge of each division were fully in charge of all the operations taking place there including the line of products or services offered and the financial reports. The reasons for the decentralization according to Chandler (2003) are worth mentioning. First, there was a need to expand the volume of activities. It was also important to set new plants and offices in different places tocater for the needs of the consumers. In addition, it was important to diversify in many lines of the business. Moreover, it was a strategy to overcome the negative impact of the changing economic atmosphere. With a diversified business which is also expanded, the administrators of such enterprises felt fully insulated against the bad economic state. Furthermore, it was a strategy to survive in the world of business competition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another illustration of success through the use of the principle of strategy is what happened to the concept of sovereigntysoon after the French Revolution. Initially, monarchs had defined the sovereignty in their own terms to suit their interests (Wallerstein, 2004). They referred to other people as subjects. Through struggle, the concept of sovereignty was focused on the people instead of the monarchs. Once the idea that the people were sovereign was accepted, the term â€Å"citizens† came into use. This term simply meant that all the people were equal and were subject to the same treatment. In addition, all were entitled to participate in decision making with regard to matters that concerned the state. In this respect, each person was recognized as important. However, for this recognition to happen there was an intense struggle between the state leadership and the movements created by the people. The state authority thought that they could suppress these movements. However, this was not to be. Strong movements came up that resisted the authority. One movement that is worth mentioning is the liberal movement. The liberals managed to solve the problem of class in the society. Their strategy was to promote education such that the educated were eligible to be promoted to full citizen’s rights. According to liberalism, those who had acquired higher education could be eligible in the leadership positions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, strategy is a principle that cannot be ignored in any struggle. As we have already seen, in a struggle, two or more parties are involved. They all employ different strategies against each other in order to take an advantage over each other. In the struggle, they employ the principle of the â€Å"survival for the fittest†. In order to demonstrate the strength to survive, each group will come up with varied plans that are aimed at giving it an edge over others. We have seen how employees in the automobile industry in Detroit managed to overcome the oppressions directed to them by the whites through strikes and demonstrations led by DRUM officials. We have also discussed how managers have invented methods of colonizing the minds of the employees in order to make them work effectively. They do this by the use of words that have an impact on the mind of the employee such as â€Å"ownership† instead of â€Å"psychol ogical ownership†. Moreover, we have seen how industrial enterprises in America have used the strategy of decentralization of their operations. This has greatly strengthened these enterprises. Liberal movement was able to solve the problem of social class in the society by use of the strategy of education. It is therefore clear that in such a dynamic world that is characterized with changes and struggles, the principle of strategy is indispensable. References Wallerstein, I. (2004). World-systems Analysis: An Introduction. New York: Duke University Press. Chandler, A. (2003). Strategy and structure. Washington, D.C.: Beard Books. Wallerstein, I. (2011). The modern world-system. Berkeley: University of California Press. Georgakas, D. and Surkin, M. (1998). Detroit, I do mind dying. Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press. Schwartz, H. (2000). States versus markets. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave. Source document

Interpersonal Conflict Essay -- essays research papers fc

Interpersonal Project   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My friends and I play poker on a regular basis. One of my friends, let’s call him Tim, constantly plays bad hands and often catches lucky breaks. Tim and I have been friends since middle school, but one night we got into a very big argument which almost became physical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In one particular hand, Tim made what was in my opinion a horribly bad call. Ask most poker players and they will tell you that they would have folded in this situation. Nonetheless, he got incredibly lucky and ended up knocking me out of the tournament. Having lost my money, I was extremely upset and I very angrily asked him why he called my raises. He gave a weak shrug, a half-smirk, and said something along the lines of â€Å"I thought I had you beat.† To me this came off as very sarcastic, and I took it offensively and started shouting at him. We exchanged verbal blows and the argument was fast becoming physical before our friends restrained us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this conflict, there was a great deal of missteps in communication, or â€Å"the process of creating and sharing meaning through the use of symbols† (Dobkin and Pace, 7), by both Tim and I, and the whole ordeal could have easily been avoided if either of us had used slightly better judgment. To begin with, I was the initiator, or â€Å"one who begins or advances the communication process by generating a message† (12), of communication and had I not said anything in the first place, this conflict would be nonexistent. Had I simply walked away and â€Å"cooled off† before speaking to Tim, I would have not been so offensive and the conversation would not have escalated to such dramatic extremes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I also made a few errors as an interpreter, or â€Å"one who perceives and attempts to understand a message† (12). I may have misinterpreted Tim’s nonverbal communication, or â€Å"messages expressed through symbols other than words† (14). I registered his smirk and the inflection in his voice as symbols, or â€Å"words, images, gestures, and expressions that we use to represent our thoughts† (9), of sarcasm and arrogance. This infuriated me, but I may have exaggerated his actions. The smirk may have just been a suppressed smile because he was happy to have gotten so lucky, and it is possible that I just imagined that sarcasm in his voice. Had I... ..., I wouldn’t have been so offensive in my reaction. Also, once I starting verbally assaulting Tim, he was very quick to do the same to me, which isn’t the best way to avoid a fight. Even though I was mostly at fault for this dispute, Tim could have done a few things differently to avoid this quarrel as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major conflicts can arise from any situation, even over a simple hand of poker. Tim and I didn’t make the best decisions in our communication process, and we ended up at each other’s throats. Be that as it may, we eventually apologized to each other, and are still good friends. We still play poker together, although now we are a little more courteous if we win or lose a hand to each other. Even so, we should have used better judgment in this situation. There were a great deal of things each of us could have done in order to avoid this outburst of aggression, and yet we let our anger spill out and we ended up with the worst-case scenario. Works Cited Dobkins, Bethami A., and Roger C. Pace. Communication in a Changing World. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York: McGraw Hill, 2003.